Neurogenic Bladder
(Neurogenic Incontinence)
Definition
Neurogenic bladder is abnormal bladder function caused by a nerve problem. The bladder may empty too often or at the wrong time ( incontinence ) or the bladder may be unable to completely empty the urine (urinary retention). In this case, urine may leak out of the overfilled bladder.
Contact your doctor if you think you may have this condition. The sooner it is treated, the lower the chance of developing other serious conditions, such as a urinary tract infection .
Bladder With Nerves, Female
Causes
Neurogenic bladder is caused by problems with the nerves carrying messages between the bladder and the brain. The nerve problems may be caused by:
- Spinal cord injury
- Tumors of the brain or spinal cord in the pelvic area
- Infection of the brain or spinal cord
- Medical conditions affecting the nerves, such as:
Risk Factors
The following medical conditions increase your chance of developing neurogenic bladder. If you have any of these risk factors, tell your doctor.
- Nerve or spinal cord conditions present since birth (such as spina bifida or spinal cord tumor )
- Diabetes
- Stroke
Symptoms
Symptoms may include:
- Urinary incontinence
- Dribbling urine stream
- Straining during urination
- Inability to urinate (urinary retention)
- Overflow of urine from a full bladder
- Painful urination
Diagnosis
Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history, and perform a physical exam. You may be asked to keep a diary of how often you empty your bladder and other urinary habits. If your doctor thinks that your symptoms may be caused by a nerve problem, you may have some of the tests described below. You may also be referred to a urologist for further evaluation and treatment.
Tests may include the following:
- Urinalysis—test of the urine to look for evidence of infection or kidney problems
- Blood tests—to look for evidence of kidney problems
- Bladder function tests—to measure how well the muscles of the bladder respond to filling and emptying
-
Imaging tests of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder, such as:
- X-rays —usually with contrast material injected into a vein
- Ultrasound —a test that uses sound waves to examine the kidneys, ureters, and/or bladder
- Computed tomography (CT) scan —use of x-rays and computers to make detailed images of the kidneys, ureters, and/or bladder
- Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) —the use of powerful magnets and radio waves to create images of the brain and/or spinal cord; other imaging tests may be used.
- Urodynamics—to test the function of the nerves and muscles of the bladder
Treatment
Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms by emptying your bladder regularly.
Treatment options include:
Behavioral Therapy
- Bladder training—setting a regular schedule for emptying your bladder and drinking less fluid
- Exercises to strengthen muscles around the bladder that help control urine flow
- Painless electrical stimulation to aid the function of bladder muscles
Catheters
A thin tube, called a catheter, can be inserted to empty the bladder. You can learn to do this yourself or a trained healthcare professional may do it for you.
Surgery
Surgery may be an option for severe cases when all other treatments fail. Surgical procedures include:
- Removing part of the muscle that holds the bladder closed—This allows urine to flow out into a collection tube attached to the penis (for men only).
- Inserting a tube into an opening in the abdomen—This allows urine to flow out into a collection bag.
- Using tissue from the bowel to make the bladder larger
- Replacing the bladder with a pouch made from sections of the bowel or other tissue
- Inserting a small tube-like device, called a stent, into the bladder neck—This allows urine to flow out.
Prevention
While most cases of neurogenic bladder cannot be prevented, people with diabetes may be able to delay or avoid the problem by carefully controlling their blood sugar levels over the long-term. Also, wearing seat belts and avoiding activities that increase the risk of spinal cord injuries will prevent neurogenic bladder from this cause.
RESOURCES:
UrologyHealth.org
http://www.urologyhealth.org
National Association for Continence
http://www.nafc.org
CANADIAN RESOURCES:
BC Health Guide
http://www.bchealthguide.org
Canadian Spinal Research Organization
http://www.csro.com
References:
Morantz CA. ACOG guidelines on urinary incontinence in women. Am Fam Physician . 2000;72:175.
Nerve disease and bladder control. National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse website. Available at: http://kidney.niddk.nih.gov/kudiseases/pubs/nervedisease/index.htm . Accessed January 13, 2008.
Neurogenic bladder. American Urological Association website. Available at: http://www.urologyhealth.org/adult/index.cfm?cat=03&topic=109 . Accessed January 13, 2008.
Scientific Committee of the First International Consultation on Incontinence. Assessment and treatment of urinary incontinence. Lancet . 2000;355:2153-2158.
Last reviewed November 2008 by Adrienne Carmack, MD
Please be aware that this information is provided to supplement the care provided by your physician. It is neither intended nor implied to be a substitute for professional medical advice. CALL YOUR HEALTHCARE PROVIDER IMMEDIATELY IF YOU THINK YOU MAY HAVE A MEDICAL EMERGENCY. Always seek the advice of your physician or other qualified health provider prior to starting any new treatment or with any questions you may have regarding a medical condition.
Copyright © 2007 EBSCO Publishing All rights reserved.